The abscissa at the endpoint of an arc of a unit circle centered at the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system, the arc being of length x and measured counterclockwise from the point (1, 0) if x is positive or clockwise if x is negative.
A trigonometric function that for an acute angle is the ratio between the leg adjacent to the angle when it is considered part of a right triangle and the hypotenuse.
A trigonometric function cos θ that for all real numbers θ is given by the sum of the alternating series and that is exactly equal to the cosine of an angle of measure θ in radians.