physiognomy

noun

1. (countable, uncountable)The art or pseudoscience of deducing the predominant temper and other characteristic qualities of the mind from the outward appearance, especially from the features of the face.

   “During a period of peak popularity in the 19ᵗʰ Century, the field of physiognomy became more sinister and racist than its quirky manifestation during the time of ancient Greeks.”

2. (countable, uncountable)The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as denoting character.

   “Faith ſir a has an Engliſh maine, but his fiſnomie is more hotter in France then there.”

   “The Negro transported into the same countries has also undergone remarkable changes. His colour has paled, his features have improved, and his physiognomy is altered. “In the space of 150 years,” says M. Elisée Reclus, “they have passed a good fourth of the distance which separates them from the whites, as far as external appearance goes.””

3. (countable, uncountable)The art of telling fortunes by inspection of the features.
4. (countable, uncountable)The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to its scientific characteristics.

   “the physiognomy of a plant; of a meteor”

   “According to artists, the lion is the most difficult of all animals to paint, on account of the prodigious mobility of his physiognomy. Rosa Bonheur was able, thanks to her inimitable art, to catch and reproduce the fugitive facial expressions of the kingly beast [...]”