synecdoche

noun

1. (countable, rhetoric, uncountable)A figure of speech that uses the name of a part of something to represent the whole, or the whole to represent a part, or a specific kind or instance to represent the general category, or the general category to represent a specific kind or instance, or the constituent material to represent the thing made from it.

   “Synecdoche the whole for part will take, Or part for whole, just for the metre's sake.”

   “"Holocaust" can become a tired synecdoche for war crimes in general.”

   “Perhaps being in a touring band was, to Yorke, a synecdoche for the modern condition: disorientation, alienation, rootlessness, exhaustion, lack of control, occasional derangement, constant motion.”

2. (countable, rhetoric, uncountable)The use of this figure of speech.